I’ve coached many runners and want to key on one individual who has agreed to share his training data.  I’ve actually coached this runner personally for the last 20 years and he had some pretty terrific coaches previously with some strong results.

The athlete has logged 20,000+ miles and approaches his 54th year on this great earth.  Injuries have plagued him for the last decade, but he continues to gain fitness quickly (when not injured which is infrequent).  Similar to Coach Cally’s post What’s Slowing You Down, this athlete always struggles with peer comparison and past performance as unrealistic measuring sticks.

That’s the background and here are my observations about the athlete who is dealing with a glute injury that shortens his stride.

The runner intends to keep volume relatively high (~35 mpw), while he flosses, rolls and stretches his glutes.  On a Wednesday session, I suggested cutting the 9M @ 7:19/M pace to ~ 6M at 7:30/M pace and running progressively to RPE (rate of perceived effort/exertion) = 5-6.

Here’s a graph of how that run transpired:
Graph_1

Notice the athlete did have a nice progressive run shaping up until 5M.

Now let me overlay HR against pace so I can show you where the problem arose:
Graph_22

Notice the gentle cardiac drift initially, which is exactly what we want.  Then around 2.5M there’s a steeper inflection with a final mile that looks like a cool down (it was not).  Instead the runner over heated and drove RPE + HR too high.  In reality it was a hot day in the SF Bay Area.  When I say “hot day in the SF Bay Area”, we are talking relative to the typical area conditions.  For those of you in the midwest, southeast and Atlantic coast, you are dealing with much worse conditions.

Here’s the synopsis given by the athlete post-run:  After 5M I felt hot, heavy and my glutes were tight.  I had intended to run a gradual progression, but got ahead of myself in M3 and was tired by the slow last mile.

It easy to see this from the splits:
Graph_3

If we look deeper we see a decline in cadence and a subsequent increase in vertical ratio for M6 (both clear signs of fatigue):

Graph_4
Lastly, we see the athlete spent way too much time in Zone 4, for what was supposed to be an easy run effort.

Graph_5

Ok I’m being pretty critical of this athlete so full disclosure, the athlete referenced = ME.

After my failed attempt at <5:00/M on July 2, I recommitted to making my goal.

The problem is that I’m partially injured and instead of listening to the Angel (coach in me) and slowing down with emphasis on rehab, I let the Ego (athlete in me) take control.

The point is that after coaching thousands of runners and spending myriad time on a track, I still fall victim to the same self-sabotage thoughts that derail us. I ignore the weather and my aches & pains.  However, I continue to strive to be better. 

So now I need to go into a Do as I say, Not as I do recommendations list:-)

  1. We want a gradual cardiac drift → that’s a good thing and for the most part it should crescendo to the last steps run or final interval (disregard the cool down after workouts).

  2. We want easy runs to start in Zone 2 and gradually move up through Zone 3.  Ideally we don’t hit Zone 4 on these efforts.

  3. We should see key metrics like cadence (increasing) and vertical ratio (decreasing) on our easy runs.

  4. We need to consider the heat index and adjust accordingly.

The summer heat has been a challenge for most of the world (Europe included), so let’s consider heat index:

  1. It is calculated in the shade; most estimates increase direct sunshine at +15%

  2. Anything over 80 = Caution →  in my opinion this is where performance drops especially if you’re borderline hyperthermic like me

  3. The Rule of 150 =  Air Temp (℉) + Relative humidity (%);  anything over this undoubtedly affects performance and >180 is dangerous

As I (the athlete) reflected on that Wednesday run I realized the Heat Index was ~ 90.  That’s high for the Bay Area and definitely affected my performance. I could’ve stayed at ~ 8:00/M pace and kept HR comfortably in Zone 3, but gee that Ego is powerful and I wanted to run the assigned pace. 

So let’s keep easy = easy, adjust to the elements, pay attention to cardiac drift, vertical ratio and cadence (late in our runs), listen to our bodies when we have challenges, and keep that stress/recovery ratio where it should be.



Most runners have one! The workout that makes you hesitate when you see it on the schedule.

Maybe it's speed work. Maybe it's hills. Maybe it's the long run that feels intimidating before you even start. Whatever it is, most runners have a session they would rather skip, shorten, or push to another day. However, the run you keep avoiding might be the one that helps you grow the most.

Why We Avoid Certain Workouts

Usually, it’s not because we’re lazy or unmotivated. We avoid the runs that challenge us. Mountain_Run

Speed workouts can feel intimidating because they force us to run at uncomfortable paces. Intervals require us to push beyond our comfort zone. Long runs demand patience and commitment. Hills test our strength and remind us that running doesn't always get easier.

These workouts expose our weaknesses. And that’s exactly why they are valuable. The areas where we feel the most uncomfortable often reveal the biggest opportunities for improvement.

Find The Run You Avoid

Ask yourself:

  1. Which workout do I hope disappears from my training plan?
  2. Do you dread seeing mile repeats?

  3. Do you suddenly have a scheduling conflict when hills are on the calendar?

  4. Do long runs feel like something you have to survive instead of something you get to experience?

Your answer can tell you a lot about where you have room to grow. Avoidance is a clue. It points directly toward the strength or confidence you need to develop.

Turn Weakness Into Strength

The goal isn’t to force yourself through every difficult workout and make training miserable. The goal is to approach those challenging sessions with a different mindset.

  1. If you avoid speed, try to remember that speed workouts aren't about proving how fast you are. They’re about teaching your body efficiency, improving your running economy, and becoming more comfortable running at faster paces.

  2. If you avoid hills, remind yourself that they build strength and confidence. They improve your ability to handle changes in terrain and teach you how to maintain effort when pace naturally slows. A hill isn't a sign that you're running poorly. It's an opportunity to become a stronger runner.

  3. If you avoid the long run, remember it isn’t just about distance. It teaches patience, fueling, pacing, and mental toughness. It builds the confidence that you can handle challenges when they show up on race day. The long run is where many runners discover they are capable of more than they thought.

Don’t Let Fear Make Your Training Decisions

It's normal to feel nervous before a hard workout. Even experienced runners have days where they look at the schedule and think, "Do I really have to do this today?" The difference is that they don't let that feeling decide for them.

Confidence doesn't come from avoiding hard things. It comes from doing hard things and realizing you can handle them. Every challenging workout you complete gives you evidence that you are becoming a stronger runner.

Start Small

If you've been avoiding a certain type of workout, you don't need to suddenly make it the hardest session of your training cycle. Start by changing your approach.

  1. Add a few short hills after an easy run.

  2. Try shorter intervals before longer ones.

  3. Break a long run into smaller milestones.

  4. Build confidence through small wins.

The goal isn't to eliminate discomfort. The goal is to become more comfortable being uncomfortable.

The Workout You Avoid Might Be Your Advantage

Your hardest workout is your greatest opportunity. The thing you keep avoiding may be the exact thing that helps you become a more complete runner.

So the next time you see that workout on your schedule, the one you hope gets changed, shortened, or canceled, pay attention. It might not be the workout standing in your way.

It might be the workout that helps you move forward!



If you've been running for any length of time, you've probably asked yourself some version of this question:

"Why am I not getting faster?"

Most runners immediately look for physical reasons. Maybe they need more speed work. Maybe they're not running enough miles. Maybe it's nutrition, sleep, strength training, or the summer heat. Those factors of course matter.

But after coaching runners of all abilities, I've learned that the biggest thing slowing people down often isn't physical at all. It's what they're comparing themselves to. Every runner compares themselves to something: a training partner, a runner they follow online, a recent race result, or perhaps most commonly, the version of themselves from years ago.

The problem isn't comparison itself, it's allowing those comparisons to shape your confidence, your decisions, and even your enjoyment of the sport.

The Comparison Trap Group_Run

Running is unique because it's so easy to compare. Every run produces data. Pace, distance, heart rate, cadence, elevation, splits. Add social media into the mix, and suddenly you're surrounded by runners posting race medals, workout screenshots, and personal records.

Before long, it's easy to wonder why your progress doesn't look like theirs. Maybe your training partner seems to improve every month. Maybe someone in your local running club just qualified for Boston. Maybe a friend who started running after you is now faster.

It's natural to notice those things. The problem comes when they begin to shape how you feel about your own training. Comparison has a way of making strong, consistent work feel like it isn't enough.

Chasing a Different Version of Yourself

Not all comparisons involve other runners. Some of the toughest ones happen in your own head.

Many runners spend years trying to match a pace they ran years ago. Every workout becomes a comparison to a race result, a season of training, or a version of themselves that felt unstoppable.

But here's the thing: you're not the same runner you were then, and that's not a bad thing.

Maybe you're balancing a demanding career. Maybe you're raising kids, caring for family members, or juggling more responsibilities than you were a decade ago. Maybe you're sleeping less, traveling more, or fitting runs into the margins of a busy schedule.

Those circumstances matter. Comparing today's training to a time in your life when you had different routines, different stress levels, or more time to recover isn't an apples-to-apples comparison.

That doesn't mean you can't run just as fast, or even faster. Plenty of runners set personal bests later in life because they're training smarter, fueling better, or simply bringing years of experience and consistency to the sport.

When you shift your focus from recreating the past to maximizing the present, your training becomes far more productive, and way more enjoyable.

When Your Training Partners Become Your Competition

Training with others is one of the great perks of running. Long runs feel shorter, difficult workouts become more manageable, and accountability is built into every meeting. However, group runs only help if you're still running your plan.

One of the most common mistakes I see is runners turning every easy run into an unofficial race. Your schedule calls for an easy effort, but your friends naturally run a minute per mile faster. Rather than backing off, you match them because you don't want to fall behind.

The run feels manageable that day. The problem shows up later. Your legs stay tired longer. Recovery slows. Workout days become harder than they should be. Eventually, fitness stalls, not because you're training too little, but because you're training too hard on the days that were supposed to help you recover.

Sometimes the smartest runner in the group is the one willing to let everyone else disappear down the road.

Don't Let One Bad Run Tell the Whole Story

Every runner has those days. Your legs feel flat.  Your watch shows paces that seem slower than normal. Nothing clicks. It's tempting to assume you've lost fitness overnight.  In reality, running doesn't work that way.

Heat and humidity slow pace. Poor sleep affects recovery. Travel, work stress, and accumulated fatigue all influence how your body responds on any given day. One difficult run rarely tells you much about your overall fitness.

Improvement happens over weeks and months, not from one workout to the next. The runners who continue improving aren't the ones who never have bad days. They're the ones who don't let a bad day define the entire training cycle.

Focus on What You Can Control

There are countless things you can't control, but what you can control is really simple!

Did you complete today's run? Did you keep your easy run easy? Did you fuel well before your long run? Did you prioritize recovery? Will you come back tomorrow?

Those small decisions rarely feel exciting in the moment, but they add up over months of training. Fitness isn't built through big breakthroughs. It's built through consistency.

Success Looks Different in Every Season

Not every training block ends with a personal best. Sometimes success means making it through an entire cycle without getting injured. Sometimes it means rebuilding after illness.

Sometimes it's finding a routine that fits around work, family, and everything else life demands. Those seasons matter just as much.

Progress isn't always measured by the clock. Sometimes it's measured by showing up when motivation is low, finishing healthy, or enjoying the process a little more than you did last season.

Run Your Own Race

If comparison is slowing you down, don’t forget, no one else has your story. No one else has your schedule, your responsibilities, your strengths, or your challenges. Your training doesn't need to look like anyone else's to be successful.



Every summer, it happens.

A runner heads out the door feeling fit, motivated, and ready to crush a workout. The pace that felt comfortable in April suddenly feels impossible. Heart rate climbs. Breathing becomes labored. Frustration follows.

The immediate reaction is often, "I've lost fitness." But in most cases, that's not true at all. start_slow

The reality is that heat and humidity place additional stress on the body, making the same pace require more effort. Understanding how to adjust your training during the summer months can help you train more effectively, recover better, and avoid the mental trap of chasing paces that no longer match the conditions.

The Weather Impacts Your Pace

A pace that feels comfortable on a 55-degree morning may feel significantly harder on an 80-degree afternoon. Add humidity, sunlight, and little wind, and the difference becomes even more noticeable.

Your body is working overtime to keep itself cool while also powering your run. That extra workload often means your pace naturally slows down. This doesn't mean you're getting slower. It means you're running in more challenging conditions.

Adjust Your Pace, Not Your Expectations

At Runcoach, we believe pace is one of the most valuable training tools available. Pace helps provide structure to workouts and ensures you're training in the appropriate effort for your goals.

However, pace should always be viewed within the context of the conditions. Think of your training paces as targets, not rigid requirements.

When temperatures climb, experienced runners adjust their expectations rather than forcing splits that no longer match the environment. The goal is still to complete the intended workout. Sometimes that requires making small adjustments to the pace displayed on your watch.

How Much Should You Adjust?

There is no perfect formula because every runner responds differently to heat. Factors such as humidity, sun exposure, fitness level, and heat acclimation all play a role.

As a general guideline:

  • Cool conditions (below 60°F): Follow your normal training paces.
  • Mildly warm conditions (60-75°F): You may notice little to no adjustment.
  • Warm conditions (75-85°F): Expect your pace to slow by roughly 5-10 seconds per mile.
  • Hot conditions (85°F and above): Larger adjustments are often necessary.

The key is recognizing that these changes are normal. If you're consistently running slower in July than you were in April, that doesn't automatically mean your fitness has declined.

Don't Chase the Watch

One of the quickest ways to turn a productive run into a miserable one is to force a pace that doesn't match the conditions.

Many runners become so focused on hitting a specific number that they ignore what the weather is asking of them. A better approach is to use your pace target as a guide while allowing for reasonable adjustments when conditions are difficult.

Some days you'll hit every split perfectly. Other days, the smartest decision is backing off slightly and completing the workout successfully.

Consistency beats forcing one workout and needing extra recovery afterward.

Expect an Adjustment Period

The good news is that the body adapts. Heat acclimation typically begins within the first week of consistent exposure and continues to improve over roughly two weeks.

As adaptation occurs, several positive changes take place:

  • Improved sweat response
  • Better cooling efficiency
  • Lower heart rate at a given effort

Many runners notice that workouts begin feeling easier after 10 to 14 days of training in the heat. The key is patience. The first few hot runs of the season are often the most difficult.

Summer Fitness Pays Off Later

Here's the part many runners forget. The work you're doing now is still building fitness.

Even if your watch shows slower paces, your body is adapting to the demands of training in tougher conditions. When cooler temperatures return in the fall, many runners are surprised to see their pace improve almost immediately.

The fitness was there all along. The weather was just hiding it!

This is one reason so many marathoners and half marathoners complete the bulk of their training during the hottest months of the year. The miles you log in June, July, and August often show up as stronger performances in September, October, and November.

A Few Summer Running Tips

To make summer training more manageable:

  • Run earlier in the morning whenever possible.
  • Hydrate consistently throughout the day.
  • Wear lightweight, breathable clothing.
  • Slow your pace when conditions call for it.
  • Focus on completing the workout rather than chasing perfect splits.
  • Take a minute walk break if needed to help bring your body temperature back down.
  • Most importantly, be patient with yourself.

The Bottom Line

If your pace is slower this summer, don't panic. Heat and humidity affect every runner, from beginners to elite athletes. Adjusting your pace for the conditions isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of smart training.

Stay consistent, trust the process, and remember that the goal isn't to win a workout in July. The goal is to build the fitness that will help you perform your best when race day arrives.

And when those cool fall mornings finally return, you'll be glad you kept showing up.



IMG_6035

This year marks an incredible milestone for Coach Rosie as she celebrates five years with Runcoach.

Over the past five years, Rosie has helped countless runners and walkers achieve goals they once thought were out of reach. From first-time finishers to seasoned marathoners, her thoughtful coaching approach, attention to detail, and genuine passion for helping others have made a lasting impact on the Runcoach community.

To celebrate her five-year anniversary, I sat down with Rosie to reflect on how the running world has evolved, what she's learned along the way, and some of the athletes who have inspired her most.

Q: Looking back over the last five years, what are the biggest changes you've seen in the running world?

Rosie: The two biggest advancements I've seen are definitely carbon-plated shoes and high-carbohydrate fueling strategies.

The impact of carbon-plated footwear on performance is undeniable, but if I'm honest, it's the evolution of fueling that fascinates me most. We're learning so much more about how athletes can properly fuel before and during training and racing, and it's completely changing the marathon experience for many runners.

I love helping athletes work through the trial-and-error process of finding what works best for them. When you see someone successfully execute their fueling plan and avoid hitting the wall in a marathon, it's incredibly rewarding.

Q: What has changed most for you personally during these five years?

Rosie: Last year I became a mom, and that has been the biggest change of all.

The arrival of my son, Leo, has completely transformed my life. It's been an amazing journey, and it's given me a new perspective on both running and coaching. I'm still pursuing my own competitive goals, but now I have the added motivation of seeing him waiting for me at the finish line.

Q: What do you enjoy most about coaching through Runcoach?

Rosie: Without question, it's watching athletes exceed their own expectations.

Many runners start with goals that feel intimidating or even impossible. What I love is seeing them consistently show up, trust the process, and gradually chip away at those goals. Then one day, something that once felt unattainable becomes reality.

Seeing the confidence and satisfaction that comes from achieving a goal you've worked hard for is one of the most rewarding parts of coaching.

Q: Is there a particular athlete story that stands out?

Rosie: There are so many, but one athlete who immediately comes to mind is Paul Nolan.

Paul competes in the 70-74 age group and completed marathons on six different continents last year. That's impressive enough on its own, but what makes his story special is who he is outside of running.

Paul is a devoted father who learned Mandarin after adopting his daughter, and now the two of them often travel together to races around the world. Watching him continue to pursue ambitious goals while sharing those experiences with his family has been incredibly inspiring.

Thank You, Coach Rosie

Five years of coaching means five years of early-morning race nerves, breakthrough workouts, marathon celebrations, setbacks overcome, and countless finish-line moments shared with athletes around the world.

Coach Rosie has been an invaluable part of the Runcoach team, and we're grateful for the expertise, encouragement, and care she brings to every athlete she works with.

Congratulations on five amazing years, Rosie. We can't wait to see what's next.



If you run with a modern sports watch, you’ve probably noticed that we are living in the golden age of running data. After a solid long run, your Garmin Connect app serves up a buffet of advanced scientific metrics. But what do all those numbers actually mean for your daily training?


I’ve started to consider what this data might have meant in my faster days (late ‘90s and early ‘00s).  At the time, there were limited metrics available aside from a handful of high-end biomechanics labs. The data presently at our finger tips, coming from our wrist, on a daily basis is both pervasive and awesome (in the fear inspiring sense).


For years you’ve heard me and our other coaches stress the importance of pace recognition, Rate of Perceived Exertion which we use as Rate of Perceived Effort (RPE), progressive pacing with some input from heart rate as a % of maximum heart rate.


I’m super excited about all the new data available and believe that proper pacing with recognition along with forms of progressive pacing are still the most important for race and training outcomes.


But. . . the available data can no longer be ignored so let’s start to interpret some of it.


Today, we’re going to look at three of my favorite advanced running dynamics:

 

  1. Stride Length

  2. Vertical Oscillation

  3. Vertical Ratio


I’ll explain what they are, why they matter, and how we can tweak your form/effort to become a smoother, more efficient, and injury-free runner.


Note:  Definitions from Garmin Human Performance Lab are publicly available and included below.


Stride Length

This is simply the distance you cover with each stride.  Of course, we don’t want long lopey strides or potential over striding to interfere with our focus. In fact a shorter stride length can be beneficial especially in the early parts of a race.  One practical consideration I have with stride length is to consider your drive at the end of races.  Often we observe max stride length at 75-85% of race distance.  One way to improve the stride length is a concomitant effort to swing your arms with strong force near the end.  If you watch World Class Marathon/10K/5K/1500m etc. runners at the finish their arm swing is almost always exaggerated compared to the start of the race.  When you swing your arms with force, your legs follow suit.


What is Vertical Oscillation?

In simple terms, Vertical Oscillation is your "bounce." It measures the amount of vertical movement in your torso with each step, measured in centimeters.

Ideally, as runners, we want our energy propelling us forward, not upward. However, we frequently see a point of frustration for taller runners here. Because taller runners have longer legs and naturally longer strides, their absolute vertical oscillation numbers are almost always slightly higher than shorter runners simply due to biomechanics. A tall runner might naturally sit around 7.5 to 8.6 cm, which can look high on paper but is perfectly normal for their height.


In my opinion, raw Vertical Oscillation metrics should not be over emphasized.  Stride length (especially at the end of a good effort) + Vertical Ratio are better indicators of proper form.


The Great Equalizer: Vertical Ratio

If you’re a taller runner looking at your Garmin data and feeling discouraged by your bounce, don't worry. This is where Vertical Ratio comes to the rescue.

Vertical Ratio takes your Vertical Oscillation and divides it by your Stride Length, expressing the result as a percentage. This metric essentially levels the playing field, factoring in your height and stride to give you a true picture of your running efficiency.


Instead of obsessing over raw centimeters, look at your Vertical Ratio percentage. Here is how the benchmarks break down:


  • Excellent (Elite): Less than 6.5%

  • Great: 6.5% – 8.3%

  • Good (Average): 8.4% – 10.0%

  • Needs Improvement: Greater than 10.0%


(Note: Many runners find they naturally bump up against "Excellent" or "Great" ratios during fast interval sessions, as faster running promotes better form! This is one of the reasons that here at  Runcoach we always suggest one or two quality sessions with intervals at faster paces each week.)


Why Does Your Bounce Matter?

Whether you're a middle-aged marathoner or an infrequent 5K racer, keeping your Vertical Ratio in check provides two massive benefits:


1. Energy Conservation

Think of it this way: over the course of 26.2 miles, bouncing an extra inch per step equates to climbing hundreds of extra feet of elevation. By keeping your bounce down, you are saving precious glycogen stores for the later miles when you really need them.


2. Injury Prevention

What goes up must come down. A higher vertical oscillation means a heavier landing. Reducing your bounce significantly decreases the ground reaction forces on your knees, hips, and lower back. If you want to stay healthy and injury-free through long, grueling training blocks, smoothing out your ride is key.


How to Improve Your Numbers

If your watch is consistently showing a high Vertical Ratio, you don't need to completely overhaul your stride. Usually, corrections only need to be made in millimeters. Here are 5 practical, coach-approved ways to smooth out your ride:


  1. Run "Quietly": We love this mental cue. Next time you run, focus on making less noise when your feet hit the pavement. This naturally encourages a softer, lower-impact, and more forward-driving stride.

  2. Slight Forward Lean: Ensure you are running with a slight, natural lean from your ankles—not bending at the waist. This helps direct your momentum forward rather than upward.

  3. Consider a Low Ceiling as your Guide:  Pretend you’re running indoors and the ceiling is only a few inches/centimeters above your head.  Try to avoid hitting your head with each stride. (Note:  Take this recommendation with a grain of salt because the faster we run, the more bounce we will get from power.  The “don’t hit your head on the ceiling” practice is most ideal for long and easy runs not quality sessions).

  4. Increase Your Cadence: The quickest and most effective way to reduce vertical oscillation is to increase your step rate (cadence) by 5% to 10%. Taking quicker, slightly shorter steps naturally flattens out your trajectory and prevents overstriding. (Aiming closer to 180 steps per minute is a great goal, though taller runners may naturally sit a bit lower).

  5. Try a Running Economy Microcycle: Because faster running promotes quicker cadence and better form, mixing in shorter, faster intervals (like 200m repeats) is a great way to set a baseline of strong mechanics. Your body remembers that efficient form, which eventually bleeds into your easy runs. Many of you have heard this suggestion from me in between Marathons and other goal races.  If you’re interested in a running economy cycle, please reach out to your coach.


The Bottom Line

At Runcoach, we believe data is only as good as the human insight behind it. The next time you finish a run, take a peek at your Vertical Ratio in Garmin Connect. If the number is a bit high, try running "quietly" with a slightly quicker step on your next outing.  Check out your Vertical Ratio on the intervals of your quality sessions and you will see a big difference.


Want a coach to look at your smart watch and help you build a plan to improve your running economy? Our 1:1 human coaching team is always here to help you make sense of the metrics and achieve your next personal best.


Vertical Oscillation, Vertical Ratio, Stride Length Chart (Note:  this table was created with help from Gemini AI and reviewed by the coaches at Runcoach):

Metric & Tier

6' 2" Runner(1.88 m / 188 cm)

5' 9" Runner(1.75 m / 175 cm)

5' 6" Runner(1.68 m / 168 cm)

Vertical Oscillation (cm)




* Moderate

10.0 – 11.5 cm

9.5 – 11.0 cm

9.0 – 10.5 cm

* Good

8.5 – 9.9 cm

8.0 – 9.4 cm

7.5 – 8.9 cm

* Elite

7.0 – 8.4 cm

6.5 – 7.9 cm

6.0 – 7.4 cm

Vertical Ratio (%)




* Moderate

8.6% – 10.0%

8.6% – 10.0%

8.6% – 10.0%

* Good

6.6% – 8.5%

6.6% – 8.5%

6.6% – 8.5%

* Elite

Under 6.5%

Under 6.5%

Under 6.5%

Stride Length (meters)




* Moderate

1.10 – 1.20 m

1.00 – 1.10 m

0.90 – 1.00 m

* Good

1.21 – 1.35 m

1.11 – 1.25 m

1.01 – 1.15 m

* Elite

1.36 – 1.50+ m

1.26 – 1.40+ m

1.16 – 1.30+ m



Available from Garmin publicly accessible information https://www.garmin.com/en-US/garmin-technology/running-science:






The hard work is done, and your reward is race day itself. These final instructions will help you navigate the weekend, manage your energy, and conquer the course. First and foremost: lay low and stay off your feet. Limit your time at the race expo to no more than an hour.


1. Pre-Race Arrival & Mindset

  • Shake out the nerves: Get outside and feel the air. Go for at least a 20-minute walk or jog one or two days before the race, depending on your specific training schedule.

  • Trust your training: When you pick up your bib or bump into friends, everyone will want to talk about their training. Tune it out. When "Joe Cool" brags about his ten 25-mile runs, just smile and remember the grueling workouts you successfully completed. Never compare your training to anyone else’s especially on race weekend.


2. Fueling & Hydration (The Night Before to the Starting Line)

  • Dinner: Eat a full, satisfying meal the night before, focusing on complex carbohydrates like pasta. It is a good idea to avoid rich or creamy sauces to avoid GI distress

  • Morning Fuel: Consume 400 to 500 calories of carbohydrates early on race morning (this includes your sports drink). If you have a mid-morning start, bring a 100 to 200 calorie snack to the race site to bridge the gap. A banana or a cereal bar may be a good option

  • Smart Hydration: Drink water and a non-protein sports drink frequently throughout the morning until your urine is light yellow. Note: Avoid over-consuming plain water without electrolytes, as this can dilute your body's essential sodium levels. Stop drinking a bit before the start so you can empty your bladder.

  • The Starting Line "1st Water Stop": Bring a throwaway bottle of sports drink to the starting corral. Right before the gun goes off, drink 4 to 8 ounces. Because your body will quickly divert blood flow from your gut to your legs once you start running, this fluid will process efficiently without sending you to the restroom.


3. Prepare for the Elements

  • Bring throwaway gear: Wear old clothes (an old t-shirt, sweatpants, or even old socks to use as mittens) to keep you warm at the start, especially if it rains. You can wear these for the first couple of miles and toss them aside as your body heats up.


4. Pacing the Early Miles

Patience early on pays huge dividends later. The goal is to conserve glycogen and muscle strength for as long as possible while activating fat as a fuel source early in the race.

  • Mile 1: Run 30 to 60 seconds slower than your Marathon Goal Pace (MGP); set RPE (Rate of Perceived Effort) ~ 5

  • Mile 2-10: Run 0-10 seconds slower than MGP and keep RPE ~ 5-6

  • Mile 11 to 20: Lock into your MGP and use RPE ~ 7-8 as your sanity check

  • Mile 21:  this is when the race starts and finishes;  push gradually over the last 10K to RPE 9 and then 10 for the last mile or so

  • Drink early and often: Aim for 4 to 8 ounces every 20 minutes. Scientific reality check: While it is nearly impossible to replace 100% of the fluids and glycogen you lose while running a marathon, consistent hydration from the very beginning is crucial to stave off severe dehydration. Do not wait until you are thirsty to start drinking.


5. Remember the 3 C’s

  • Confidence: Have total confidence in your ability and training. Those early mornings, late nights, sore calves, and tight hamstrings weren't for nothing. You are read!

  • Control: You absolutely must relax and run easy for the first 18 to 20 miles. Think of the marathon's effort in thirds: the first 10 miles, the second 10 miles, and the final 10K. Save your true racing effort for that last 10K.

  • Collection: Keep your thoughts collected and focused on your objective. A big city marathon has thousands of distractions. The start is when you must retreat into your own zone and travel along with the pack. Don't let the crowds or competitors disrupt your strategy, instead use them for motivation later as the race progresses.


6. The Ebb and Flow

I can guarantee one thing: you will feel terrific at some points and terrible at others. Marathons always ebb and flow. When you hit a wall, stop thinking about the finish line. Focus entirely on the next mile. Remember walk breaks provide intermittent relief and I’ve witnessed 2:20 marathon runners use brief walk breaks to regroup.  If you take the difficult moments one mile at a time, some good feelings typically return.


7. You Always Have One Cup Left

When the race gets incredibly tough, remember that you always have one cup of energy left—the difference is whether you choose to find it. When normal, untrained people feel discomfort, they slow down so they can feel better.

You are not an untrained person. You are a marathon machine.

At the end of the race, you will have to dig deep to determine if you will cross the finish line with an effort you can be completely satisfied with. Go get that last cup!


Something shifted this spring - and it wasn’t just the weather.

At the Boston Marathon, we saw fast times across the board. Some pointed to ideal conditions - and that’s always part of the story. But then came the London Marathon. No tailwind. No excuses. Just historic performances.

Sebastian Sawe ran 1:59:30.Carbs
Tigst Assefa ran 2:15:41, setting a women’s-only world record.

So what connects Boston and London? It’s not just talent. It’s not just shoes. It’s fueling. 

The Carb Revolution Is No Longer a Theory

For years, endurance athletes were told to limit carbohydrate intake or “train low.”

That thinking has flipped - completely.

At the elite level, the focus now is maximizing carbohydrate availability in both training and racing. Here’s what we’re seeing:

  • -Sebastian Sawe took in around 115g of carbs per hour, plus a pre-race gel
  • -Yomif Kejelcha used high-carb fueling strategies throughout competition
  • -Charles Hicks reportedly took in over 150g per hour at Boston
  • -Holly Archer has shown lower perceived effort at higher carb intakes
  • -Louise Small averaged over 120g per hour in racing

This isn’t marginal gains anymore. This is a fundamental shift in how endurance performance is built.

Fueling Is Driving the Training

The real breakthrough isn’t just what’s happening on race day - it’s what’s happening in training. Higher carbohydrate intake allows athletes to:

  • -Train harder
  • -Recover faster
  • -Maintain consistency week after week

Instead of digging a hole with every hard session, runners are actually supporting the work required to improve. That’s a big shift. Fitness is no longer limited by how much discomfort you can tolerate - it’s supported by how well you fuel.

Why This Changes Everything

This isn’t just about elites running faster times. It’s about why they’re running faster. When fueling improves, everything downstream improves:

  • -Better session quality
  • -More stable energy levels
  • -Fewer breakdown cycles
  • -More consistent progression

We’re seeing it across the board - marathoners, triathletes, cyclists. Better fueling leads to better training. Better training leads to better performance.

What This Means for You

No, you don’t need to jump straight to 120-150g of carbs per hour. But the direction is clear:

  • -Underfueling is holding a lot of runners back
  • -Carbohydrates are not the enemy - they’re a tool
  • -Training adaptations improve when energy availability is high

The key is doing it correctly for your body and your training.

The Bottom Line

We’re entering a new era of endurance performance.

Records that once felt untouchable are starting to fall - not because athletes suddenly got more talented, but because they’re finally fueling in a way that supports their potential.

High carbohydrate fueling is leading that shift. And for the first time in a long time, performance gains are coming from something that also supports better training consistency and long-term development.

That’s a change worth paying attention to.



At Runcoach, success comes in many forms. PRs, podium finishes, comeback races, first marathons, and simply showing up after setbacks. This month, our community showed incredible grit, consistency, and joy across races big and small around the world. From Boston to Big Sur, London to Melbourne, here are some standout moments we’re celebrating from the past month.

Community Highlights

  • Skip Mathews claimed 1st in his age group at the Rumpshaker Half Marathon, an inspiring comeback just two years after open heart surgery. He also followed it up with another strong showing at the Red Shoe Run 5K, improving by 7 seconds and placing 2nd in his age group. image_8

  • Heli Sorra ran a beautifully executed race at the Philly Love Run Half Marathon, using it as a key stepping stone toward the New York City Marathon later this year.

  • Diana Bernier and daughter Kelsey completed an excellently paced half marathon in Philadelphia, giving us one of our favorite moments of the month: a mother-daughter racing duo.

  • Jeremy Paull took a full minute off his previous Run for the Kids 14K time as he builds toward the Great Ocean Road Marathon.

  • Jeff Brune had a huge month, first crushing his old age group course record at the Early Bird 10 Miler, then running a Boston PR of 3:00:18 at the Boston Marathon. So close to sub-3, Jeff, we know it’s coming.

  • Brandon Schott finished 18th overall and 1st in his age group at the Donut 10K.Kim_1

  • Bill Reamer made a dominant return to the Cherry Blossom 10 Miler, winning his new age group in an impressive comeback to fitness.

  • Attilio Arcari crushed the Cherry Blossom 10 Miler with a 2-minute PR.

  • Yon Chang broke the tape at the Mary Ruchalski Foundation 5K, earning another PR by 13 seconds.

  • Robert Grabel completed his 24th marathon at the Delaware Coastal Running Festival in 5:49. Marathon #25 is officially on deck.

  • Tara Barrett returned to racing in style, finishing 2nd at the Golden Driller Half Marathon in her first half marathon in two years.

  • Tim Vipond found his rhythm again with a negative split and 5th place age group finish at the Drake Relays Half Marathon.

  • Kate Gates completed her 22nd consecutive Boston Marathon, an absolutely remarkable streak from Hopkinton to image_9 Boylston.

  • Cody Eaves completed a fantastic 50-mile race after a strong winter endurance build.

  • Ido Simyoni masterfully paced Boston with a 2-minute negative split, finishing in 2:57:04.

  • Fabiana Manzo earned her hard-fought Boston Marathon finisher medal against an iconic city backdrop.

  • Greg Williams made his marathon debut at Boston and managed the rare feat of a negative split.

  • Caroline Seiter crushed a 13-minute PR at the Jersey City Marathon, running 3:27 after a focused training block.

  • Kim Munksgaard ran a new PR while earning her 4th Abbott World Marathon Major star at Boston.

  • Chris Miramontes battled through an ankle injury to finish Boston strong in 3:23:39. image_6

  • Coddy Johnson ran the UVA School of Medicine 5K with his kids cheering him on.

  • Kemi Shamonda placed 1st in her age group at the The Parkway Half Marathon!

  • Jorge Cortes conquered the London Marathon and is already eyeing Tokyo for his next major.

  • Kurt Steinhaus braved chilly conditions to complete the Wisconsin Half Marathon along Lake Michigan.

  • R.J. Shanafelt tackled the challenging Big Sur Marathon and enjoyed one of the most scenic courses in the world.

  • Joseph Lennon shaved 12 seconds off last year’s 5-mile time and finished 3rd in his age group at the Narberth Take a image_7 Breather 5M.

  • Abigail Athanasopoulos ran an outstanding 3:34 at Big Sur, finishing 5th in her age group while handling the hills exceptionally well.

  • Krista Davalos overcame taper challenges and leaned on a strong mindset to complete an excellent Big Sur Marathon.

  • Alma B broke 4 hours at the Big Sur 21 Miler, finishing in 3:56 and smiling all the way over Hurricane Point.

  • Kristi Chiles and her son completed their marathon together, complete with race-day cheers from the chariot.

  • Amiel Snyder earned a half marathon PR at the OKC Half by staying true to his goal: race hard and have fun. image_5

  • Coach Alex Monroe’s boys won at the Penn Relays with a state-record DMR time of 9:54.01.

  • Jennifer Scotto ran her fastest-ever Maui Half Marathon, finishing in 1:48:18 and placing 2nd in her age group.

  • Steve Stanfield beat his sub-2 goal at the Indy Mini, finishing in 1:57:16.

  • Ian Fitzpatrick negative split the PNC Alexandria Half Marathon and made it a family affair.

  • Nancy Kelley placed 2nd in her age group at the Flying Pig 10K and earned gold through the Ohio Senior Olympics qualifying series.
    Stefanie Davidson beat her goal of sub-82 at the Broad Street Run, finishing in 81:41.

To every athlete featured here, and the many more training quietly behind the scenes, congratulations. Your consistency, resilience, and commitment continue to inspire this community every day. Keep showing up. Your next milestone is already in motion. 
Celebrate our members’ achievements, and maybe even see yourself on our social media channels!

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